Who pays for the changes, who takes responsibility for light and how is the verified result shared? Explore one site and a wider network.
X5Power is an independent project and does not represent X5 Group. Retail-chain scenarios are anonymised teaching examples.
Public cases are based on open sources. Author methodology and modelling assumptions are identified separately. Teaching scenarios are anonymised.
03 / Academy calculation from the entered values.
What do two extra hours of light cost?
Try reducing operating time for one installation. Power stays constant; only the hours change.
Example: a 1 kW installation, 365 days per year. Baseline: 12 hours per day.
Baseline4,380 kWh
Selected schedule3,650 kWh
Annual difference730 kWh
Teaching calculation: kW × hours × days. A cost estimate also needs a tariff. Lighting quality, implementation and maintenance require separate checks.
Shared economics across many sites
Macrodeals
An initiator sets the direction, an anchor participant provides the first sites, and an operator brings together intelligence, technology and funding. Further sites join under agreed rules.
Business agreement
Define the purpose, participants, their own commitments and the intended result.
Money flows
Establish the baseline, evidence of results, costs, participant shares and capital repayment.
Delivery
Set rights to data and equipment, authority, contracts, accounting, timing and exit conditions.
The first site tests whether the whole arrangement can operate. Expansion depends on evidenced results and secured financing.
These three structures can work together in one programme. They are the Academy’s working classification.
Teaching scenario · proposed target
A large retail chain: worked example
The operator arranges improved lighting without an initial equipment purchase by the host. The source of capital and each party’s commitments are agreed in advance.
14.2bn RUB per year
Assumed electricity spending on lighting
170.4bn RUB over 12 years
14.2 × 12 with an unchanged annual baseline
16.5bn RUB over 12 years
Target reduction in the model
The target equals RUB 1.375bn a year, or 9.68% of the baseline. Remaining electricity spending: RUB 153.9bn over 12 years.
RUB 14.2bn is an assumption for this example, not a separately verified line in a retailer’s accounts. Nominal calculation, excluding indexation, discounting and implementation costs. A target becomes a contractual floor only after agreement on the baseline, liability and backing.
Who provides delivery
Site owner
Provides agreed access and data; pays actual electricity bills and the agreed service charges.
Equipment owner / investor
Funds installation and takes the agreed capital and residual-value risks.
Operator
Organises work, measurement, maintenance and settlement. Its share follows the agreed formula.
What remains after all costs
Change the figures to explore the distribution. All values are illustrative, in million RUB for one year.
Provisional calculation: preservation of lighting service is unconfirmed.
Profit contribution is after related variable costs. The final cost item includes only expenses absent from the other figures. Use the same tax basis throughout.
Effect = baseline costs − actual costs + additional contribution − other costs
Teaching rule: the operator receives a share of positive results. A negative result produces no fee; loss coverage requires separate terms.
Global practice
Public mechanisms to study when designing a model. Their application to lighting is the Academy’s interpretation.
Sharing outcomes
Palantir · TWG Global · xAI
In May 2025 the partnership announced an outcome-based business model for enterprise AI in financial services. The release does not disclose payment formulas, shares or a total budget.
Application to lighting
Link the operator’s remuneration to measurable business results, with an agreed baseline and verification method.
In July 2025, 75 contracts were consolidated into an Enterprise Agreement. Potential purchases are capped at $10bn over up to ten years. Actual orders are accounted for separately.
Application to lighting
Agree common rules once and add sites through individual work orders.
AdSense for Content pays publishers 80% after the advertiser platform’s fee. With Google Ads, this is typically about 68% of the advertiser’s original spending.
Application to lighting
Distinguish site ownership, the new revenue stream and the operator’s share. Google’s percentages illustrate the mechanism.
Metrus describes Energy as a Service as financing, installing and maintaining equipment. Customers pay an agreed rate for measured savings without an initial equipment purchase.
Application to lighting
Specify ownership, capital and verification. Applying the model requires a separate economic assessment.
The published base outcome price is $0.99. Use with an external helpdesk has a 50-outcome monthly minimum. Certain outcome categories have different prices.
Application to lighting
Define the billable event, correction of erroneous charges and any minimum commitment.
Six teaching editions based on the supplied author materials. They retain the reasoning and methodology, with anonymised participant examples.
D01Author frameworkLaunching the reform: the task
Make light visible
Everyday spaces can introduce people to lighting quality: retail floors, transport facilities and educational settings. A visitor experiences a working scene, learns its characteristics and considers where a similar solution would help.
Connect learning with trade
The Academy explains measurements and lighting schedules. An operating showroom allows comparison in context. Every demonstration identifies the parameters, seller and commercial interest. Educational settings require arrangements that avoid commercial pressure on children.
Test the first site
One site tests the scene, controls, diagnostics, sale, replacement and complete cash cycle. Its evidence informs the next decision.
Several lives for equipment
After display, a serviceable unit can move to another site with its history, condition and warranty. Transfer to communities in need requires inspection and suitable infrastructure.
Download .mdD02Delivery sequenceMaster plan: from site to system
First operating unit
Choose a site, define its tasks, record baseline measurements and identify the equipment owner and funding. Assign installation, operation, sales and acceptance responsibilities.
Two parallel results
Measure environmental quality and economics. Energy reductions must preserve the agreed lighting task. Learning, data and methods accumulate alongside operating results.
Expansion
Add sites with clear schedules, comparable baselines and funded maintenance. Stock, working capital and secondary demand must keep pace with the number of sites.
The role of intelligence
An agent compares sources, prepares calculations and alternatives, monitors events and identifies discrepancies. Authority to change settings, order equipment or move money is granted separately.
Download .mdD03Calculation methodEconomics of lighting control
Physical baseline
Energy in kWh = area in m² × power density in W/m² × equivalent operating hours / 1,000. Define boundaries for the sales floor, service rooms, external areas and built-in lights.
One sales-floor example
Assumptions: 400 m², 12 W/m² and 6,000 hours a year. This gives 4.8 kW and 28,800 kWh. An additional 15% reduction saves 4,320 kWh, or RUB 43,200 at RUB 10/kWh. This is gross savings before implementation and maintenance.
Additionality
The baseline already includes existing LEDs, sensors and automation. Prior savings cannot be counted again. Normalise changes in opening hours, area and tariff.
Money and quality
Capital expenditure, ongoing service and accumulated savings relate to different periods. Put them into one cash-flow model. Lighting quality, technical limits and safety conditions form part of acceptance.
Download .mdD04Practical structureMacrodeals supported by intelligence
Three layers
Agree on purpose and roles. Then describe money, risk and allocation of results. Finally establish the legal and accounting grounds for delivery.
Joining rules
Participants understand the scope, allowed actions, input data, effect formula and payment. Each work order has its own version, confirmation and change history.
Authority and data
Selecting a contractor, ordering, controlling equipment, accepting results and paying require distinct authority. Every action has limits and a responsible person.
Exit and continuity
Define service after new orders stop, data transfer, equipment disposition and final settlement. Public analogies illuminate individual mechanisms; each deal needs its own economics.
Download .mdD05Scenario to testThe money behind transit trade
What the host receives
The model provides operating light and an agreed income for the host. A supplier or investor funds equipment; ownership, commission and the sale event are agreed beforehand.
Teaching scenario scale
At 180 million m², 12 W/m² and 4,800 hours, consumption is 10.368 TWh a year. At RUB 9/kWh this costs RUB 93.312bn. An assumed 25% reduction produces RUB 23.328bn in gross savings. The area and parameters are scenario assumptions.
Savings may cover only part
The original full-unit rotation model, with an 18-month cycle, has annual costs of about RUB 119.4bn and secondary sales of RUB 17.3bn. A target residual of 20% of revenue requires about RUB 132bn more in annual external payments. Host savings do not automatically become operator revenue.
Conditions for viability
Confirm buyers, installation costs, demand for used units, initial funding and capital costs. Compare full replacement, module replacement and software adjustment. Frequent rotation needs its own economic rationale.
Download .mdD06Delivery methodDeclarations and notices: workbook
The initiator’s decision
A declaration describes the programme, the initiator’s commitments, allocated resources and completed actions. Evidence establishes authority, funding and technical readiness.
A route that can proceed
The programme has a feasible first step with consenting participants. Potential partners receive voluntary joining terms. A refusal leads to alternative sites and resources for which the required rights exist.
Participation window
State the offered terms, deadline with time zone and method of joining. Changes after the deadline need an economic rationale.
Event log
A notice includes the deal ID, event, date, evidence, contractual basis and next step. Material changes follow the agreed approval procedure.
Programme: [name and ID].
Version and date: [version, date, time, time zone].
The initiator announces: [scope and first feasible step].
Own commitments: [volume, deadlines, responsible person].
Allocated resources: [confirmed funding, assets, team].
Already completed: [actions and evidence].
Joining terms: [role, rights, duties, consent method].
Participation window: [deadline and economic rationale].
On refusal or no response: [route with consenting participants].
Authority at sites: [rights, consents, permits].
Attachments: [terms, financial model, delivery route, readiness evidence].
Contact and joining channel: [details].
Deal / programme: [ID and version].
Recipient: [participant and agreed channel].
Event: [connection, transfer, acceptance, result, settlement].
Event time: [date, time and time zone].
Evidence: [document, measurement or record].
Basis of consequence: [contract clause or applicable rule].
Next step: [action, responsible person, deadline].
Commitments: [completed and outstanding].
Delivery and feedback: [receipt evidence, objections process].
Changes requiring consent: [list and procedure].
Task: prepare verifiable lighting-deal options.
Separate public facts, author methodology, assumptions and verified results. Retain the source URL, date and scope for each fact.
Anonymise teaching cases and private negotiations.
Assemble the physical baseline, annual costs, capital and cash-flow schedule. Identify the owner, payer and basis of each payment.
Check units, additionality and double counting. Test basket-value effects separately from energy savings.
For transit trade, show both sales channels, unit condition, replacement, warranty and unsold-stock risk.
For a declaration, describe the initiator’s commitments, readiness and voluntary joining.
Prepare downside and participant-refusal scenarios.
Deliver draft terms, calculations, sources and missing data. Sending, signing, equipment control and payments require separately granted authority.