Handbook 1 on tokenization · Version 2.1
This guide accompanies the complete Russian edition 2.1. The new edition examines existing energy tokenization projects and secondary markets, and sets out the author's proposal for a global reserve energy system. The central practical question is how quickly measurable energy capabilities can become enforceable, transferable rights, and what role our group can earn in that process.
As of 19 September 2026, we consider the Serbian and Argentine cases the most interesting for our work. This is our current editorial and project priority; many other approaches and projects worldwide also deserve attention.
1. What is already happening worldwide
Digital energy markets cover different objects: generation attributes, future supply, interests in installations, income rights, capacity obligations and fuel attributes. Their volumes cannot be added into one total. The edition documents historical surveys of 131 and 215 initiatives, the WePower/Elering experiment involving 24 TWh of aggregated data, and TraceX's reported trading of more than 1.2 million RECs in January 2025. These describe different metrics and dates. Secondary transfer already exists in some segments; a listing or transfer mechanism alone does not establish liquidity. The complete edition contains the figures, qualifications and 16 primary sources.
2. Understanding the whole system
Useful output connects the physical asset, operating conditions, measurements, costs, rights and settlement. A technical improvement does not automatically give an investor a payment claim. Each link needs its own evidence and responsible party.
3. Power as the basis of an energy right
Power is measured in watts; energy is power delivered over time. A tradable right also needs a location, interval, duration, quality and performance responsibility. Installed, available, contracted and controllable capacity describe different constraints. Active, reactive and apparent power must remain distinct.
4. Load profiles as a source of value
An asset's peak and the wider system peak may occur at different times. Reducing, shifting or controlling demand can improve use of infrastructure. Baselines, measurement intervals, rebound demand and operational limits determine whether the claimed effect is real.
5. Electricity, cooling, heat, water and computing
The asset is a connected energy system. Cooling, heat, water, fuels, mechanical work, storage and computing can provide different useful services. Conversion losses, equipment limits and time constraints must be included. Storage power and stored energy are separate quantities.
6. Turning utility into a transferable right
Start with a measurable capability, identify the benefit and payment obligation, then specify the digital right. Its record should identify the holder, obligated party, unit, interval, verification method and settlement rules. Issuance, transfer, performance and retirement need controls against double counting. Secondary circulation also needs eligible buyers and a workable transfer process.
7. A global reserve energy system
The author proposes shared rules, a distributed network of participants, settlement infrastructure and reserve management. The comparison with the US Federal Reserve concerns selected organisational functions. Physical operating reserves and financial reserves serve different purposes. This architecture is a project proposal, and the idea that future money will increasingly express access to power is the author's strategic position.
8. Lower cost and higher economic return
Better use of equipment, reduced peaks and losses, and more reliable performance can create a shared gain. Distribution must account for investment, operating costs, verification, reserves and possible losses. The numerical examples are educational models; their results are not promised investment returns.
9. The working group and the first transactions
This work needs a group across professions. Energy specialists define physical capabilities; operators define safe operating limits; economists connect operating changes with total costs and cash flows; financiers and bankers structure capital, security and settlement; lawyers define rights and liability; IT and data specialists support control, measurement and traceable records. A systems architect keeps the parts connected, while an independent verifier checks results. Buyers and intermediaries join when secondary trading is relevant. The group works on the same asset, load profile, economic model, rights specification, contract and performance evidence. Our ambition is a central organising role, earned through reliable rules and completed transactions.